Canducanada deutrium uranium it is a canadianinvented,heavy water reactor. The candu allows more local input in nations that do not have the capability to cast a pressure vessel. Candu is a pressurized heavy water reactor phwr that uses heavy water deuterium oxide d2o as a moderator and coolant, and natural uranium as its fuel. Each fission liberates 23 neutrons for a net increase of 12 neutrons per fission.
Pdf performance of pressure tubes in candu reactors. Figure 11 illustrates how candu reactors produce electricity. The lifetime capacity factor cf is the total gross generation tgg figure divided by the capacity cf divided by the total number of hours hrs from the time of first synchronization to that time, multiplied by 100. Candu fundamentals is designed as an introductory course in the operation of a candu reactor. Behavior of the reactor during a load following transient has been simulated using the developed reactor modeling module. Click on the title of each part below to view or download it. Convert html to pdf, html to pdf converter pdfreactor.
Each end shield comprises an inner and an outer tubesheet joined by lattice tubes at. Candu reactor spacetime kinetic modeling for load following. The first reactor in such a sequence consists of a canduphw operating on a low enriched uranium leu cycle 10. A pressurised heavy water reactor is a nuclear power reactor that uses unenriched natural uranium as nuclear fuel and heavy water as moderator and as primary coolant. It is a type of nuclear reactor that uses natural uranium as fuel,pressurised heavy water. The candu fuel contains pellets of uranium dioxide with natural uranium 0. Ruan, overheads for a course presented at xian jiaotong university, 19980922 to 25 candu zone control unit. The heavy water is kept under pressure in order to raise its boiling point, allowing it to be heated to higher temperatures and thereby carry more heat out of the reactor core. Look up the candu reactor design, which is another approach to a nuclear reactor, which uses natural uranium u238, with heavy water for a moderator. Basic instrumentation and control course pdf 851kb, 125 pages. Profiling the potential for hydrogen fuel, aecl publication available for download in pdf format 506 kb.
The higher neutron fluxes of the fast breeder make it a special problem there, and it will be even worse for a. This was initiated by unene, administered by candu owners group cog and funded by all candu utilities in canada and offshore with prof. In this concept, the proportion of u235 is increased from its natural concentration of. You wouldnt download a nuclear reactor, but could you. The reactor model is then implemented within a simulation platform of candu6 reactor regulating system rrs, in matlabsimulink. Reactor assembly the candu 6 reactor assembly, shown in the figure opposite, includes the fuel channels contained in and supported by a horizontal cylindrical tank known as the calandria. The candu reactor has a modular core, made up of fuel channels. A heat exchanger, also known as a steam generator, transfers the heat to a secondary cooling loop, which powers a steam turbine with an electric generator attached to it for a typical rankine thermodynamic cycle. Nov 23, 2015 the new candu reactor will have a 700 megawatt capacity and will take approximately eight years to build, while the chinese reactor will have a 1,000 megawatt capacity and runs on enriched uranium. If you want to convert a html file to pdf, if you use a webpage or rely on database publishing there is a way to turn even complex html into pdf.
The four candu 6 units have each achieved high reliability figures, even after years of operation. The candu is a pressurized heavy water reactor phwr using heavy water. The candu canada deuterium uranium reactor is a pressurized heavy water reactor phwr designed and built by canadian nuclear laboratories since the 1950s. The quality standard that atomic energy of canada ltd. Ppt candu powerpoint presentation free to download id. The candu canada deuterium uranium is a canadian pressurized heavy water reactor. It is a type of nuclear reactor that uses natural uranium. With pdfreactor you count on a powerful html to pdf converter software. Reactor design to meet future energy markets, canadian nuclear society bulletin, vol.
With no heavy reactor pressure vessel and the possibility of modular construction the erection time of a candu reactor can be shorter than. Candu reactors are pressurized heavy watermoderated reactors, often 7 8 chapter 2 nuclear reactor designs steam generator. Each fuel channel contains 12 or small fuel bundles, each of which is 50 cm long and 10 cm in diameter, and weighs about 24 kg. Candu heavy water reactors use natural uranium, of which 0. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. An automatic source term characterization program was developed, and the structure, logic, and function of the program are explained in detail. It enables those new to candu to learn about candu as an overall system and to pursue specialized topics in depth. Nondimensionalized simulink representation of the reactor. The heat transport system hts circulates the coolant through the reactor to remove the heat of fission from the fuel. Candu fuel cycle advantages operational reactors nue candu reactor inherent safety features new build reactors afcr future with water coolant. This study is based on the 675 mwe candu reactor operated. The pressurized heavy water phw cooled version was the first. The development of the first candu reactor began in 1954 through a partnership between atomic energy of canada ltd. Risks of the candu reactor design introduction the candu canada deuterium uranium reactor is a pressurized heavy water reactor of canadian design.
Schematic diagram of the pressurised heavy water cooled version of a candu canada deuteriumuranium nuclear reactor. Candu stands for canada deuterium uranium, which reflects the key role of deuterium, or heavy water, which acts as the reactors neutron moderator, a unique trait of the candu. Candu fuel cycle advantages operational reactors nue candu reactor inherent safety features new build reactors afcr future with water coolant dr. Atomic energy of canada limited aecl developed the candu reactor technology starting in the 1950s. As part of our effort to reduce candu reactor capital costs and construction schedules, leadingedge computer technology is being used to develop the candu integrated design candid system. The pressurized heavy water phw cooled version was the first type to be developed and is by far the most widely used. Six types of reactor magnox, agr, pwr, bwr, candu and rbmk have emerged as the designs used to produce commercial electricity around the world. The basic operation of the candu design is similar to other nuclear reactors. Candu canada deutrium uranium it is a canadianinvented,heavy water reactor. All canadian nuclear reactors are of the candu type but the. The company said thursday that a chinese expert panel has given a. But i havent heard of it being a particular problem with the candu. Therefore, the case programs estimated source term of the decommissioning waste from a candu reactor has a high degree of reliability.
Analysis of control rod drop accidents for the canadian scwr using coupled 3dimensional neutron kinetics and thermal hydraulics. The higher neutron fluxes of the fast breeder make it a special problem there, and it will be even worse for a fusion plant. Argentina to build new candu reactor canadian manufacturing. Hopwood, the next generation of candu technologies. Source term characterization program for the decommissioning.
The optimum power output of a candu reactor for a given number of channels is obtained when the reactivity of approximately half of the fuel channels, located in the center of the reactor, is deliberately. The candu 6 design as implemented at sites in canada has been chosen as the reference because it is the most widely deployed candu design worldwide. The first reactor in such a sequence consists of a candu phw operating on a low enriched uranium leu cycle 10. Candu reactor is a type of nuclear reactor which was developed in canada, and is currently used in nuclear power plants for electrical generation in various countries around the world.
The company said thursday that a chinese expert panel has. A tsunamitripped power outage and backup generator failures cut off pumps that basted cooling water over the japanese reactor cores, causing at least three of them to commence a. In a candu reactor, heavy water flows over fuel rods and extracts heat. The optimum power output of a candu reactor for a given number of channels is obtained when the reactivity of approximately half of the fuel channels, located in the center of the reactor, is deliberately lowered so that the flux and therefore the power is constant across the socalled inner zone of the core.
Candu 6 reactor assembly description date picture taken published date organization. Heat generation is modelled through both surface heating. Candu6 reactor cores are composed of n c 380 horizontal fuel channels located in pressure tubes and filled with n b 12 fuel bundles. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Sartrex fully satisfies these requirements with the aid of its quality assurance. The calandria is closed and supported by end shields at each end. Grohnde, a 60 mwe german reactor which first billion kwh of electricity, more than any other reactor. With the need for sustainable fuel cycles, the candu reactor is unique in that several viable. All nuclear power plants in canada are powered by candu reactors.
The history and current state of canadas candu nuclear reactor. Candu, short for canada deuterium uranium, is a nuclear reactor that uses heavy water as a moderator and coolant and natural uranium as a fuel source. The wide range of functions exceed most converter tools and bring your pdf converting to the next level. The candu reactor has a modular core, made up of fuel. While this was not strictly a candu type reactor, it is in fact based off of the nrx reactor, it is nonetheless a heavy water reactor. Kuran vp, advanced fuel candu reactor workshop on advanced reactors, neaoecd paris, france, april 2017. Nondimensionalized simulink representation of the reactor kinetic modeling is established. It is a type of nuclear reactor that uses natural uranium as fuel,pressurised heavy water as coolant,unpressurised heavy water as moderator and uses pressurized tubes to contain the fuel and circulating coolant. Figure 7 diagrammatic cross section of a typical phwr candu.
Fission reactions in the reactor core heat pressurized water in a primary cooling loop. The candu is a pressurized heavy water reactor phwr using heavy water deuterium as both a moderator and coolant. Introduction overall design ofa candu reactor, itis. With no heavy reactor pressure vessel and the possibility of modular construction the erection time of a candu reactor can be shorter than that of some other reactor systems. During the 60s, canada continued to build its candu reactors within its borders and started to supply reactors abroad by building the cirus canadianindian reactor, u. Im skeptical about the claim that heavy water is toxic. Nov 06, 2014 candu energy says its new nuclear technology, which is able to use spent fuel from other reactors, has cleared a hurdle in china.
Three dimensional numerical simulations are conducted on the candu moderator test facility mtf. This is eventually a problem with all classes of nuclear reactor. Up to this pointwe looked at details ofthe reactor regulating system. Jun 17, 2019 as for natural uranium, it will undergo fission. The canadian supercritical watercooled reactor scwr design is the result of the fusion of a candu reactor and a boiling water reactor bwr 1. Candu stands for canadian deuterium uranium reactor playing on the north american boast of capability, can do. Magnox, agr, pwr, bwr, candu and rbmk have emerged as the designs used to produce commercial electricity around the world. Look up the candu reactor design, which is another approach to a nuclear reactor, which uses natural uranium u238, with heavy water for a. Candu fundamentals ii 3 radioactivity spontaneous nuclear processes 19. Candu stands for canada deuterium uranium, which reflects the key role of deuterium, or heavy water, which acts as the reactor s neutron moderator, a unique. Point lepreau was the first candu 6 reactor to be licensed for operation, the first to achieve criticality and first to begin commercial operation. The heavywater coolant circulating in the pressure tube has different. It is owned and operated by new brunswick power nb power and supplies approximately 30% of the provinces electricity. The pdfreactor software license agreement can be found here.
The new candu reactor will have a 700 megawatt capacity and will take approximately eight years to build, while the chinese reactor will have a 1,000 megawatt capacity and runs on. The candu reactor was designed by atomic energy canada limited as an alternative to other reactor designs which use slightly enriched uranium 25% u235. Candu reactor article about candu reactor by the free. The basic parts of a nuclear reactor are the core, a moderator, control rods, a coolant, and shielding.
This system is designed to support all projectrelated activities, including project management, engineering, material management and procurement, and. Nuclear reactor types many different reactor systems have been proposed and some of these have been developed to prototype and commercial scale. Advanced technologies for candu reactors pdf free download. Candu reactor core simulations using fully coupled dragon and. The heated heavy water passes into a utube steam generator similar to the type used in pwrs. In orderto better understand the overall design ofa candu reactor, itis necessary to discuss the two shutdown systems. The candu reactor core is a horizontal cylinder known as a calandria. Contrary to rrs, the shutdown systems are not active. The lifetime capacity factor cf is the total gross generation tgg figure divided by the capacity cf. There have been two major types of candu reactors, the original design of around 500 mwe that was intended to be. The gentilly2 candu 6 reactor is owned and operated by hydro. Candu energy says its new nuclear technology, which is able to use spent fuel from other reactors, has cleared a hurdle in china. The wide range of functions exceed most converter tools and bring your pdf. Candu reactor is a type of nuclear reactor which was developed in.
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